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The vast majority of all email sent every day is spam, a variety of idiosyncratically spelled requests to provide account information, invitations to spend money on dubious products, and pleas to send cash overseas. Most of it is caught by filters before ever reaching an in-box. Where does it come from? As Finn Brunton explains in Spam, it is produced and shaped by many different populations around the world: programmers, con artists, bots and their botmasters, pharmaceutical merchants, marketers, identity thieves, crooked bankers and their victims, cops, lawyers, network security professionals, vigilantes, and hackers. Every time we go online, we participate in the system of spam, with choices, refusals, and purchases the consequences of which we may not understand. This is a book about what spam is, how it works, and what it means. Brunton provides a cultural history that stretches from pranks on early computer networks to the construction of a global criminal infrastructure. The history of spam, Brunton shows us, is a shadow history of the Internet itself, with spam emerging as the mirror image of the online communities it targets. Brunton traces spam through three epochs: the 1970s to 1995, and the early, noncommercial computer networks that became the Internet; 1995 to 2003, with the dot-com boom, the rise of spam's entrepreneurs, and the first efforts at regulating spam; and 2003 to the present, with the war of algorithms -- spam versus anti-spam. Spam shows us how technologies, from email to search engines, are transformed by unintended consequences and adaptations, and how online communities develop and invent governance for themselves.
- Sales Rank: #1096195 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-03-29
- Released on: 2013-03-29
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
Ubiquitous and unloved, spam was one of the first surprising side effects of our improved connectedness. Finn Brunton shows us how spam has coevolved with social media, an arms race where new communal tools and behaviors designed to fight spam lead to new kinds of spam, which leads to still newer tools and behaviors.
(Clay Shirky, Associate Professor, NYU, and author of Cognitive Surplus and Here Comes Everybody)Finn Brunton has done mankind a service with this coldly objective analysis of a great human evil. The ghost in the machine is ourselves.
(Bruce Sterling)Spam promises to be widely read and widely taught. Finn Brunton's punchy, journalistic prose brings the topic very much to life. The material is new and important, and the writing is simply a joy to read.
(Fred Turner, Stanford University; author of From Counterculture to Cyberculture)Finn Brunton's excellent cultural history of spam offers a readable, witty account of the battle between the spammers and the spammed -- a battle of often surprising complexity and astonishing technological escalation, in an arms race that is still being fought.
(John Gilbey Times Higher Education)Spam will fascinate readers who aren't experts in the subject matter by shedding new light on the culture and function of their Internet experience. But it has plenty to offer computer scientists and online-community researchers as well… This masterful telling of the history illustrates just how much has changed and how we fit into the larger story.
(Jennifer Golbeck Science Magazine)This book is a gem. The goings-on of the twisted personages who populate cyberpunk lit have nothing on the ingenious scheming of the spammers and the scientists dedicated to shutting them down. Read here and in days to come about this fascinatingly bizarre subterranean cyberworld.
(Scientific American)A colorful assortment of international tradespeople, drug-pushers, swindlers, and fraudsters, spammers have become a familiar feature of our digital landscape. Finn Brunton's investigation of the question of spam, Spam: A Shadow History of the Internet -- the problems of defining it, understanding it, and tackling it -- takes us to the front of an ongoing and highly sophisticated technological war, a keenly contested territorial struggle for control of the information superhighway.
(Houman Barekat The Millions)The book, a beautifully written and entertaining one, adopts an historical approach to the discussion of spam and the 'technological drama' that it manifests...The real value of the book however, does not lie in this historical reconstruction, but in its ability to use spam, as a tool through to reveal by negative reflection the positive values and beliefs that lay at the foundation of internet communities, and the importance of attention and trust in their working.
(Information, Communication & Society) About the Author
Finn Brunton is Assistant Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University and the author of Spam: A Shadow History of the Internet (MIT Press.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
On Being a Footnote to History
By Nick Nicholas, MSW
'Tis a very odd feeling to find oneself a footnote to history, so to speak, but there I am, lurking behind note 70 on p. 91, the co-author of probably my most (in)famous web page: How to Sue MAPS (full reference on p. 251). Yes, we were young and brash. We dared the Internet to sue us, firmly believing justice was on our side.
How naive we were, and we learned yet another lesson about being careful what you wish for. But that is neither here, nor there, in this thin volume (~200pp.) purporting to be a history of spam, with the provocative subtitle "A Shadow History of the Internet." I wish this text had lived up to the promise of its title.
I almost immediately began to worry as I read that the book was an expanded version of a doctoral dissertation. I feared an overly intellectualized text was ahead, and my concerns were not unfounded. The author adopts an extremely broad definition of spam: "the use of information technology infrastructure to exploit existing aggregations of human attention." This is not bad as definitions go, but it encompasses such a variety of practices it becomes meaningless, ranging from someone in New Jersey wanting to sell their dinette set to vast networks of surreptitiously infected personal computers involved in the criminal activity of exchanging private credit card info.
Much more could have been said, and I wish the author had not been in such a rush to speed through his material. Yes, I am biased, having lived though and been a part of the story related here, but there are interesting stories left untold. Paul Vixie and MAPS are rightfully cast as protagonists, but this group only receives two mentions in the context of the Rodona Garst exposure by The Man in the Widerness.
Being a part of the story told here does cause me to approach the text with same bias. There's the two mentions of Vixie and MAPS, but only as feared antagonists of the beleaguered Rodona Garst. ROKSO -- Register of Known Spam Offenders -- is mentioned once but only as one among a veritable alphabet soup of anti-spam groups. It seems that in this book, as in Brian McWilliams' much older book, Spam Kings, it's the villians who are the most interesting, the ones who garner more authorial attention. The story of MAPS, of ROKSO, mentioned here but never discussed, are deserving of more attention than they have been given.
The author unnecessarily stretched his definition of spam to cover such a wide variety of definitions. Perhaps this was so that he could support his thesis that the meaning of spam was and is fluid. In seeking to be as general as possible, to speak in post-modernist language, the author eviscerates his subject, draining of life what could have been a much livelier and interesting story.
NANAE -- news.admin.net.abuse.email -- is mentioned, even described as a charivari, a definition I think is amusing, somewhat appropriate, but ultimately dismissive. There is much more interesting history here which remains untold. Other groups are identified only by their acronyms, their stories passed over in silence.
However, this is evidently the author's intent, with his focus on elucidating "a shadow history of the Internet." The sources of light must be hooded so that the narrative the author wishes to spin is not disrupted. Being as close as I was to many of the events referenced in the book, perhaps it is unfair of me to even critique the work, expecting completion where the author is able only to allude, where his intention is no more than to suggest.
There is an interesting history with both heroes and villians waiting to be written. For many years I myself have intended to write such a history, but my attention keeps getting drawn elsewhere. Perhaps this book will be the motivation I need to get started on writing that history.
11 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Good, but mostly for specialists
By Jon Corelis
The main problem with this book is the way it's been marketed. The description on Amazon's product page, for example, while not strictly inaccurate, doesn't convey the extent to which this book is a technical and academic study the focus of which goes far beyond what the averge person primarily thinks of as "spam" -- unsolicited commercial email and texts.
The book basically traces the social, legal, and technical development of unethical and illegal, unscrupulous commercial exploitation of internet communications that began with the first massive email and Usenet group spamming of the 1990s, but also explores in great technical detail associated and subsequent related developments like botnets, lit spam (the nonsensical texts you keep getting among your Google results), and worms.
I'm frankly not qualified to judge this book as a technical and academic study: I suspect that as such it will be an important one, and if you are yourself an academic studying these issues, you may well want to consider this a four or five star book. But the average internet user will find it only intermittently interesting, with long sections of it being impenetrably technical. Hence my three star rating. The publishers should have resisted the temptation to downplay in their promotional material the specialist nature of this book: many general readers are going to be disappointed to find out what it's like once they start reading it.
One final footnote to the above: despite the technical nature of the book, if you were around the internet during the old Usenet days, you may find the sections of this book on Usenet very interesting, and that they bring back memories.
7 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Spam and the Green Midget Cafe.
By SInohey
Spam, the bane of the Web, has polluted the email of anyone and everyone who uses the Internet. No one is immune from the constant deluge of sales pitches intermingled with sex enhancing drugs, salacious come-ons and even outright pornography. Internet service providers are constantly updating their filters but increasingly sophisticated spammers continue to overcome them; nowadays it is a high-tech struggle of computer-generated algorithms combating equally complex algorithms and Spambots.
How did the plague of the information age become synonymous with a popular brand of lunchmeat? According to Hormel, the Minnesota company that produces canned-meat Spam, it all started with a spoof by the British Comedy group of Monty Python's Flying Circus. In the skit a group of Vikings loudly shout ...Spam.Spam Spam.. to drown out other conversation. This story is accepted by the Internet Society and also repeated in the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, which defines spam as "unsolicited e-email sent to a large number of addresses." In the 1980s some malicious users of BBSs (Bulletin Board System) and early chat rooms would flood the system with repeated ..Spam, Spam.. in huge numbers to overwhelm the user's screen and push out any other text.
Initially, Hormel tried to mount a campaign against infringement on its trademark, including an attempt, in 1997, to stop junk-mail king Sanford Wallace from using the word "Spam"; the endeavor backfired when Wallace spammed Hormel's letter all over the Internet. Spam is now universally recognized as meaning junk mail.
Spam is longer just confined to emails, but like fungus, it is spreading; it is now found in Instant Messaging, in Usenet Newsgroups, Blogs (Blam), Video sharing sites, Social networks, Mobile phones (as SpaSMS) and on search engines, where with a blend of spamming and indexing (Spamdexing) attempt to manipulate search engine optimization (SEO) for ranking.
Finn Brunton's book is a fascinating history of junk mail from the pre-Internet era of the early days of the telegraph to the present world of spambots. The author's comprehension of the Internet is clearly demonstrated from his description of nascent online communities, chat rooms and the blogosphere to the present supremacy of Google and Microsoft.
Finn explains the genesis of the spam scourge and its major transmittal sources (#1 is Pitcairn Island), he names the first known deliberate commercial spam, in 1994, by a lawyer advertising his skill to enter aliens into the Green Card Lottery.
Finn says that, "Spam e-mail is about 85 to 90% of all email sent on a given day....we don't see most of it because our filters are pretty good." He also describes how the system works and cautions about malware and identity theft. He uses a password manager to protect himself.
The book touches on almost anything relating to spam, from the CAN-SPAM act of 2003 and the escalating cost of junk mail; to the latest iteration of filter busters, such as Litspam, and the pervasive intrusion of our digital privacy by automated bots. Brunton also describes how the system works and cautions about malware and identity theft. He uses a password manager system to protect himself.
Brunton has managed to present a ubiquitous nuisance in people's daily life in an interesting historical narrative, kept lively with anecdotes... "There is no way to peace. Peace is the way" the first message (opposing the Vietnam war) sent, in 1971, by Peter Bos from MIT, simultaneously to a thousand fellow engineers.
Finn sees spammers not a villains but visionary trendsetters, "From a certain perverse perspective, spam can be presented as the Internet's infrastructure used maximally and most efficiently."
Brunton has succeeded in crafting a very readable book, about a limited subject, into a captivating historical document of the digital culture. It should be "de rigueur" reading for anyone who uses the Internet.
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